IV! &t!Ms 









EISA IPOKI. 




(lass GV 15' 
Book 



GojpghtN 



( oi'YRK.IIT DEPOSIT. 



MANUAL OF DANCING STEPS. 



MANUAL 



OF 



DANCING STEPS 



WITH A COMPILED LIST OF 



TECHNIQUE EXERCISES 



(RUSSIAN SCHOOL OF DANCING) 



AND 



39 ORIGINAL LINE DRAWINGS 



BY 



ELSA POHL 



PHYSICAL DIRECTOR OF SOLDAN HIGH SCHOOL. ST. LOUIS. MO. 
GRADUATE NEW HAVEN NORMAL SCHOOL OF GYMASTICS. 
GRADUATE HARVARD UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL: 
GRADUATE CHALIF NORMAL SCHOOL OF DANCING. 



C. WITTER, PUBLISHER. 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 



1914. 



G^V 



COPYRIGHT 1914. BY ELSA POHL. 



JON II i3l4 

374392 
$00/ 



Author's Note. 

This little book is the outcome of numberless inquiries 
from students in my classes for an authentic and com- 
prehensive text-book on the Theory and Technique of 
Dancing. Each step has been considered from four im- 
portant aspects: definition, time, execution and purpose. 
These have been arranged in a particularly useable and 
attractive form, that should recommend this volume to 
teachers as a practical reference book. 

E. P. 

Saint Louis, May, 1914. 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX 



3 
ii 



- 12 

- 21 
" 36 
" 38 
" IQ 

- 9 

- 33 

- 22 

- 4 

- 21 

- 37 

- 4 

- 6 



Page 
Part I Group 1 
Arabesque - - 
Assemble - - 
Attitude ("5 

Positions") - 
Balance- - - 
Changement de 

Pied - - - 
Chasse - - - 
Ciseaux - - - 
Coupe - - - 
Degager - - 
Demi Pas de 

Basque - - 
Ecarte - - - 
El ever - - - 
Entrechat 
Fouette - - - 
Frappe - - - 
Glisse - - - 
Glissade - - ■ 23 
Grand Battemant 8 
Grand Tour Jete - 17 

Jete 15 

Movements - - 3 

Pas 26 

Pas Ballonne - -21 
Pas Boiteux - - 27 
Pas de Basque - 3 1 
Pas de Bourree - 28 
Pas de Chat - - 30 
Pas Marche - - 27 
Pas Sissonne - - 39 
Petit Battement - 6 
Petit Battement avec 

Port de Bras - 7 
Petit Battement sur 

leCoudePied - 26 
Petite Rond de 

Jambe - - - 19 
Plier- - - - - 5 
Pirouette (French 

and Italian)- - 35 



Page 
Part I Group 1 Con't. 
Rond de Jambe - 20 
Saute - - - - 14 
Step ----- 4 
TerreaTerre - - 29 
Three-Step-Turn - 1 3 
Tortiller - - - 18 
Tour de Basque - 34 
Tour Jete - - - 17 
Tour Saute - - 15 



Group 2 
Polish Chasse - 
Polish Echappe 
Polish Holupiez 
Polish Pas 

Marche - - 
Polish Tortiller 

Group 3 

Port de Bras - 

Group 4 

Mazurka Step - 

Minuet Pas 

Marche - - 
Polka Mazurka 
Polka Redowa 
Polka Step - - 
Schottische Step 
Waltz Step - - 



42 

43 
41 

40 
43 



45 

54 

53 
55 
55 
53 
53 
56 



Part II 
Technique Exer- 
cises (graded) - 59 

Key to Signs 

^ — left foot. 

6? — right foot. 

Prep . — preparation. 
Meas. — measures 
(of music). 



PART I 

Group 1 

DANCING STEPS 

ATTITUDES ("5 POSITIONS") 

Definition. An attitude is a posture executed with 

both feet on the floor. 

There are 5 standard attitudes, commonly 
called, "the 5 positions" , The 1st, 3rd and 5th 
are known as "closed positions", because the 
feet are together; the 2nd and 4th "open 
positions", because the feet are apart. 

All positions are named from the front, and 
when the foot is placed in a corresponding 
position in rear, the word "behind" is added, 
thus: left foot in 3rd position as opposed to: 
left foot in 3rd position behind. 

The 3rd and 4th positions follow the 
law of opposition, which means that the 
hand opposite to the foot in front is high. 
(See drawings of above positions.) 

The so-called "stationary position", or 
lower 1 st position, is used as a starting position 
for the 5 attitudes. 
Music : 2/4 time. 



Stand with feet together; arms down in 
front, palms facing body. 



STATlONMVf Pos. 



i st Position 




»*• Pos. 



Stand with feet together ; arms move slowly 
upward till they are in line with the waist 
line, palms down till the movement is almost 
completed, when hands are turned, so that 
palms face each other. Arms are kept well 
away from the body and a perfectly natural 
position of the hands is maintained thruout 
this and all other attitudes. 

i st position denotes attention. 




}** Pos. 



2nd Position 

Right (left) foot slides to the side, toe well 
pointed ; arms move slowly to side, palms up. 
When finished, palms may remain up or be 
turned down. 

2nd position denotes strength. 

3rd Position 



Right (left) foot draws in till the heel 
touches the instep of stationary foot; left 
(right) arm moves slowly upward and in 
front of head, so that palm can be looked 
into easily; body bends to right (left). 
W» x*i Po*t) 3rd position denotes dignity. 



4th Position 
Right (left) foot slides forward, foot resting 



— 2 — 



(Opfre»Vhiv\ ofr Rrm *«i Foot J 




Definition. 



on the four little toes ; right (left) arm moves 
slowly down to ist position; body bends to 
right (left.) 
4th position denotes haughtiness. 

5 th Position 

Right (left) foot draws back till the heel 
touches the toe of the stationary foot; right 
•left) arm moves slowly upward thru ist 
position to position above and in front of 
the head; body straightens. 

jth position denotes beauty. 

ARABESQUE 

An arabesque is a posture executed with 
one foot on the floor. 



MOVEMENTS 



Definition. 



A movement may mean first, an activity 
of the body from a resting position, or second, 
a change from one activity to another. 

There are q standard movements in dancing : 
i — droit — to swing the foot forward and 

backward. 
2 — overt — to swing the foot from right to 

left. 
3 — glisse — to slide. 
4 — tourne — to turn. 
5 — tor tiller — to twist. 
6 — battu — to beat. 
7 — saute — to hop. 
8 — jete — to leap, 
q — coupe — to cut. 



"3— 



Definition. 



p v 



Definition. 



Definition. 



Execution. 

Prep. 



Step 
right - 
foot 



Prep. 



A STEP 

A step means a placing of the foot in any 
direction and transferring the weight onto 
it. Thus : 

forward (a) 

sideward right (b) 

backward (c) 

diagonally forward right (d) 

diagonally backward right (e) 

across in front (f) 

across behind (g) 
The left foot follows a corresponding series. 

FRAPPE 

Frappe to stamp. May be executed with 
one or both feet, beginning from toes. 

Note. In practise, when in ballet slippers, 
care must be taken to only feign the 
stamping, so as not to jar the 
nerves of the spinal column. 
ELEVER 
Elever — to rise on the toes. 
May be executed in each of the 5 positions, 
but in the 2nd position and 4th position both 
heels are flat on the floor at the start. The 
arm movement follows the "law of opposition." 
Music: 3/4 time. 

Elever in 1st position 
f Stand with feet in 1st position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

Rise on toes. 
Arms move thru 1st to 5th position. 

(Lower heels, 

\ Arms move to 2nd position. 

Elever in 2nd position. 
'Stand with feet in 2nd position (both heels 
I on floor). 
Arms in 2nd position. 



"4— 



Prep. 



Prep. 



Prep. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Rise on toes. 

Arms move to ist position. 
Lower heels, 

Arms move to 2nd position. 

Elever in 3rd position. 
Stand with right (left) foot in 3rd posi- 
tion, 
Arms in 2nd position. 

Rise on toes, 

Arms move thru ist to 3rd left (right). 
Lower heels. 

Arms move to 2nd position. 

Elever in 4th position 
Stand with right (left) foot in 4th posi- 
tion, Cboth heels flat on floor.) 
Arms in 2nd position. 

(Rise on toes, 

J Arms move thru ist to 4th left (right). 
Lower heels, 

Arms move to 2nd position. 

Elever in 5th position. 
Stand with right (left) foot in 5th posi- 
tion. 
Arms in 2nd position. 

Rise on toes, 

I Arms move thru ist to 5th position. 
I Lower heels, 

Arms move to 2nd position. 

Elever develops balance. 

PLIER 

Plier — to bend the knees. 
May be executed in each of the 5 positions, 
also on one or both feet. 



—5— 



Purpose. 



Music: 2/4 or 4/4 time. 

Rise on toes count 1 

Bend knees sideward count 2 

Straighten knees count 3 

Lower heels count 4 

Pliers develop suppleness and balance and 
are valuable for toe dancing 



Definition. 



GLISSE 

Glisse — to slide. 

May be executed in all directions. 



PETIT BATTEMENT 

Definition. Petit Battement — low beating. 

May be executed from any closed position, 
but 3rd and 5th positions are preferable. 
Music : 2/4 time. 

Execution. Petit Battement in 2nd position. 

p f Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 

hrep. ^\ rms j n 2nd thruout exercise. 

f Slide right foot to 2nd position. 
J Draw right foot in to 3rd position. 
j Slide left foot to 2nd position. 
[Draw left foot in to 3rd position. 

Continue for 16 measures, moving forward; 
this leaves the left foot in 3rd position. 
Commence moving backward by sliding left 
foot to 2nd position and drawing in to 3rd 
position behind; repeat with right foot and 
continue 16 measures in all. 



—6- 



Petit Battement in 2nd and 4th positions. 

p /Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 

"' \Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

Slide right foot to 2nd position. 
I Draw right foot in to 3rd position. 
I Slide right foot to 4th position. 

Draw right foot in to 3rd position. 

'Slide left foot to 2nd position. 
Draw left foot in to 3rd position. 
Slide left foot to 4th position, 
Draw left foot in to 3rd position. 

Continue for 16 measures, moving forward; 
this leaves the left foot in 3rd position. 
Commence moving backward, thus: 

'Slide left foot to 2nd position, 
Draw left foot in to 3rd position behind. 
Slide left foot to 4th position behind. 
Draw left foot in to 3rd position behind. 

Repeat with right foot and continue 16 
measures in all. 

Petit Battement in 2nd and 4th positions, 
avec Port de Bras. 

Execution. Same exercise as above with the following 

arm movements inserted between the change 
from foot to foot: 

When the right foot has completed the 
series, it is held in 3rd position, while arms 
move thru 1st to 4th position opposition 
(left arm high) and again to 2nd position; 
the body bends naturally away from the 
high arm and straightens again as arms move 
to 2nd position. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 




GRAND BM+EWENT 



Execution. 



The left foot then executes the beatings, 
is held in 3rd position at finish, while arms 
are moved, this time right arm is high. 

Petit battement develops leg and foot 
extension and promotes good bodily carriage. 

GRAND BATTEMENT 

Grand Battement — high beating. 
Executed from 1st position when on place, 
from 3rd (or 5th) position when moving 
forward or backward. The knee is kept 
straight in all beatings except backward, 
when it is slightly bent and the direction of 
the entire leg is inward. The toes must be 
well stretched, they are the last to leave the 
floor and the first to regain it. The body is 
held upright and still during entire exercise. 
Music: 2/4 time. 

Grand Battement (on place). 

Prep /Stand with feet in 1st position, 

\Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

(Raise right leg sideward, 

■I Close right leg in 1st position. 

[Repeat. 

Same with left leg. 

'Raise right leg forward, 
- Close right leg in 1st position. 
Repeat. 

Same with left leg. 

[Raise right leg backward. 

\ Close right leg in 1st position. 

[Repeat. 

Same with left leg. 

Repeat the sideward exercies with right 
and left legs to finish strain of music. 



-8— 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Grand Battement (moving forward). 
p f Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 

re P' \Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

Raise right leg backward and close in 3rd 

position behind. 
Raise right leg sideward and close in 3rd 

position. 
Raise right leg forward and close in 3rd 

position. 
Repeat forward raising once. 

Same with left leg. 

Continue alternately right and left any 
number of times. 

Grand Battement (moving backward). 
Preo /Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 

\Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

Raise left leg forward and close in 3rd 

position, 
Raise left leg sideward and close in 3rd 

position behind. 
Raise left leg backward and close in 3rd 

position behind. 
^Repeat backward raising once. 

Same with, right leg. 

Continue alternately left and right any 
number of times. 

Grand Battement gives strength and vigor 
and develops high extensions, large steps and 
leaps. 

DEGAGER 

Degager — to transfer, to sway. 

May be executed in 2nd position; 2nd and 
4th position; 2nd and 4th position behind. 
Music: 3/4 time. 

Note— Each change is made by rising on 
the toes of both feet. 



— 9" 



Execution. 



Degager in 2nd position. 






<£■ 



K 



Ptep. 



u\ 



») 



to 




Prep. /Stand with right foot in 2nd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

Rise on toes (of both feet) and transfer 

weight to right foot, 
Arms lateral to left; head turned to right. 

Rise on toes again, 

Extend right arm forward and to 2nd posi- 
tion. 
Transfer weight to left foot. 
Arms lateral to right; head turned to left. 

Degager in 2nd and 4th positions. 

p f Stand with right foot in 2nd position. 

P* \Arms in 2nd position. 

f Rise on toes (of both feet) and trans- 
I fer weight to right foot. 
I Arms lateral to left; head turned to 
'A" [ right. 

Rise on toes and sway back onto left 
foot, draw right foot to 1st position. 
Arms move to 2nd position. 

Slide right foot forward and transfer 

weight to it, 
] Arms move to 5 th position, body bends 
*B" [ to left. 

Rise on toes and sway back onto left 
foot; draw right foot to 1st position. 
Arms move to 2nd position; body 
straightens. 



-10- 




Purpose. 



Definition. 



Execution. 



Repeat, commencing to left side. 

Degager in 2nd and 4th positions behind. 

p f Stand with right foot in 2nd position. 

\Arms in 2nd position. 

Repeat "A" of above exercise. 

Rise on toes and slide right foot to 4th 
behind and transfer weight to it; 

Arms lateral to right; body bends to right. 

Rise on toes and draw right foot to 1st 
position, 

Arms move to 2nd position and body 
straightens. 

Degager develops poise, balance, grace, 
co-ordination. 

ASSEMBLE 

Assemble — to bring the feet together. 
Executed from an open to a closed position 
(1st, 3rd, 5th). 
Music: 6/8 time. 

Assemble (moving forward). 

Prep /S tanc * witn ri § nt f° ot in 3 rc * position. 
^* \Arms in 2nd position. 

/Slide right foot to 2nd position, 
\ Arms move to 1st position. 

Close right foot in 3rd position. 

Arms move to 3rd position left; 
body bends to right. 

(Slide left foot to 2nd position, 

\ Arms move thru 2nd to 1st position. 

Close left foot in 3rd position. 

Arms move to 3rd position right; 
body bends to left. 



-i 1 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Continue as often as desired. 
Assemble (moving backward). 

Prep /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
p ' |Arms in 2nd position. 

("Slide right foot to 2nd position. 
\ Arms move to 1st position. 

Close right foot in 3rd position behind. 
Arms move to 3rd position right; 
body bends to left. 

fSlide left foot to 2nd position. 

\ Arms move thru 2nd to 1st position. 

'Close left foot in 3rd position behind. 
Arms move to 3rd position left; 
body bends to right. 

Continue as often as desired. 

Assemble develops decision and finish. 

BALANCE 

Balance — a combination of a slide (glisse), 
a closing of feet and rising on the toes (as- 
semble et elever) and a lowering of heels 
(retomber) . 

May be executed sideward, forward and 
backward. 
Music: 3/4 time. 



Execution. 



Balance (sideward). 

Prep /Stand with feet in 1st position. 

\Left arm at waist, right arm hanging at side. 

Slide right foot to side, 

Close left foot in 1st position and rise on 

toes (of both feet). 
Lower heels. 



-12- 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Return to starting position by repeating 
balance-step commencing with left foot. 

Right arm swings easily to ist position and 
down, swinging higher with each repetition 
until 5th position is reached. 

Repeat all commencing with left foot to left 

side; 

Arms reversed. 

Balance (forward and back). 

p f Stand with feet in ist position, 

\Arms in 2nd position. 



Slide right foot to 4th position, 

Close left foot in 3rd behind and rise on toes 

(of both feet). 
Lower heels. 

Arms move thru ist to 5th position, 
Body bends to left. 

Slide left foot to 4th position behind. 

Close right foot in ist position and rise on 

toes (of both feet), 
Lower heels. 

Arms move to 2nd position. 



Repeat whole, commencing forward with 
right foot. 

Balance-step develops poise, control, co- 
ordination, grace. 

THREE-STEP TURN 

Three-Step Turn — a complete turn, either 
right or left, executed by taking three steps. 
Music: 4/4 time. 



-13- 



Execution. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 




Wt<£ 



Three-step Turn. 

p [Stand with feet in ist position, 

"" \Arms in 2nd position. 

Step sideward with right foot 

Arms in 2nd position count 1 

Turn one-half way round to right and 
Step sideward on left foot. 

Arms thru ist to 5th position count 2 

Complete turn right and 
Step sideward on right foot, 

Arms move to 2nd position count 3 

<Hold left foot in 2nd position count 4 

Repeat to left side commencing with left 
foot. 

The three-step turn is a preparatory exer- 
cise for a tour de basque. 

SAUTE 
Saute — to hop. 

May be executed on one or both feet, in 
any direction or with a turn (the latter 
called "tour saute.") 

Saute is a jumping exercise and must be 
begun with a tiny bend, then hop, then land 
with a tiny bend. The raised leg is slightly 
bent and the direction of entire leg is back- 
ward and inward. Bend trunk backward 
toward raised leg; keep head in line with 
forward foot. 

Music: 6/8 time preferable in technique; 
2/4, 3/4 4/4 may be used in dances. 



—14- 



Execution. 



Prep. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Saute (on place). 

f Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 

\ Arms in 3rd position open (left arm high). 

("Raise right leg backward and 
\Hop on left foot. 

Continue hopping on same foot any de- 
sired number of times. 

Bring arms thru 1st position to 3rd position 
right open and hop on right foot any desired 
number of times. 

Note — Arms do not follow "law of oppo- 
sition." 

Tour Saute. 
One step preparation and one hop, turning 
completely around in same direction of step. 
Arms in 3rd or 5th position. 

Saute is an aerial exercise and develops 
lightness. 

JETE 

Jete — to leap or throw the weight from one 
foot to the other. 

May be executed in all directions or with a 
turn (the latter called "tour jete"). 

In moving forward the raised foot comes 
behind; in moving backward, it comes in 
front. 

Arms are lateral in opposition ; trunk bends 
to side of weight. 
Music: 6/8 time. 



—15- 



Jete simple — a tiny little leap without leg 
extension sideward ( i count) 

Jete a la second — a leap with leg extension 

sideward. (2 counts) 



Jete grand — a leap with high leg extension 
sideward. (z counts) 



Execution. 



Jete (moving forward). 



Preo /Stand with rignt foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 



Leap sideward onto right foot. 

Left foot in 5th position raised behind. 

Arms lateral to the right, 
Body bent to right and 
Head thrown back. 



"ftwwiei.WWnA. 



Left arm leads to 2nd position. 

Leap sideward onto left foot, 

Right foot in 5th position raised behind. 

Arms lateral to the left. 
Body bent to left and 
Head thrown back. 



Note — The space covered is not so much 
sideward as forward. 

Jete (moving backward). 

p fStand with right foot in 3rd position. 

P" (Arms in 2nd position. 



—16— 



ft Tki$ei iv» fr^t. 



"Leap sideward onto right foot, 
Left foot in 5th position raised. 

Arms lateral to the right, 
Body bent to right and 
Head thrown back. 

Same with left foot. 

Note — The space covered is not so much 
sideward as backward. In both 
exercises it is possible to move for- 
ward or backward on a straight line, 
which would be the most dignified 
execution. 



Execution. 



Prep. 



Tour Jete. 

fStand with right foot in 3rd position. 
(Arms in 2nd position. 



Step sideward with right foot. 

Leap onto left foot making a complete turn, 

Arms move thru 1st to 5th position. 
Step sideward onto right foot, 

Arms move to 2nd position. 



Note — Above exercises may be taken in 
any direction. A tour jete consists 
of one step and one leap, the second 
step being added as a finish. 

Execution. Grand Tour Jete (moving backward). 

Prep. /Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 

\Arms in 2nd position ; body turned to right. 



■17- 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Execution. 



Prep. 






Purpose. 



Hop on left foot, 

Slide right foot backward. 

Arms in 2nd position. 
Draw left foot to 3rd position, 

Left arm to 1st position. 
Step backward on right footl making a corn- 
Leap onto left foot, jplete turn right. 

Arms move thru 1st to 5 th to 2nd pos- 
ition. 

Jete is an aerial exercise and develops 
lightness. 

Walking is a series of tiny jetes, which 
become very pronounced in running. 

TORTILLER 

Tortiller — to twist or turn the leg. 
May be executed with one or both feet. 
Music: 4/4 time. 

Tortiller. 

Stand with feet in 1 st position. 
Arms hang loosely at sides thruout 
exercise. 



Turn right heel out, 

Turn right toes out, 

Turn right toes in. 

Turn right heel in (feet in 1st position). 

Repeat with left foot. 

Repeat with both feet. 



Tortiller strengthens the arch of the foot 
and is an excellent orthopedic exercise. 



-18- 



Execution. 



COUPE 

Definition. Coupe— tO CUt. 

Executed from a raised to a raised position. 
(2nd position raised or 4th position raised) . 
Music: 6/8 time. 

Coupe in 2nd position. 

Prep. /Stand with right foot in 2nd position raised, 
\Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

/Bring right foot to left and 

\Cut left foot to 2nd position raised. 

Continue left and right alternately. 



Prep. 



Coupe to 4th position raised. 
'Stand with right foot in 4th position raised. 
Arms in 2nd position, palms up. 
Body turned toward left corner, 
Head turned forward. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



/Bring right foot to left and 

\Cut left foot to 4th position raised behind. 

/Bring left foot to right and 

\Cut right foot to 4th position raised. 

Continue any number of times. 

Change position and face right corner, 
left leg in 4th position raised. 

Coupe develops precision. 

PETITE ROND de JAMBE 

Petite Rond de Jambe — small foot circles 
(described on the floor). 



■19— 




May be executed: 
From i st position to ist position; 
From 2nd position to 2nd position; 
From 4th position to 4th position. 

Each petite rond de jambe occupies one- 
fourth of a large circle and the direction may 
be ( 1 ) forward and outward or (2) backward 
and inward. 

Music : 2/4 time with accent on second beat 
(.m.t ew?0 to give decision. 



Execution. 



Prep. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Petite Rond de Jambe outward (from ist 
to ist position). 

(Stand with feet in ist position, 
\Arms in 2nd position thruout exercise. 

Slide right foot to 4th position. 
Slide right foot to 2nd position, 
Draw right foot to ist position. 

Note — Execute with straight legs; when 4th 
position is reached the leg and 
ankle are stretched as far as pos- 
sible; same is true in 2nd position. 

Petite Rond de Jambe develops the muscles 
of the hip, ankle and toes. 

ROND de JAMBE 

Rond de Jambe — circles described in the 
air by the leg. 

Direction and execution as above exercise, 
except that the foot leaves the floor, which 
changes the positions to raised. 
Music: 2/4 time. 



-20 — 



Definition. 



Execution. 






Purpose. 



Definition. 



Prep. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Grand Rond de Jambe — same as preceding 

exercise with high leg extension 

added. 
Demi Rond de Jambe — one-half of a "rond 

de jambe," used as a preparation 

for certain steps. 

CHANGEMENT (de Pied) 

Changement de Pied — changing the position 
of the feet. 
Music: 2/4 or 4/4 time. 

Changement de Pied. 

f Stand with right foot in 3rd (or 5th) position, 
\Arms hang loosely at sides. 

Begin with a tiny bend of the knees. 

Jump upward. 

Change position of feet in the air. 

Land with left foot in front and knees bent, 

Straighten knees. 

Repeat any number of times, always chang- 
ing position of feet. 

Changement develops lightness and quick- 
ness. 

ENTRECHAT 

Entrechat — to spring into the air and change 
the position of the feet as often as possible 
before landing. 

May be executed from 3rd position or 
5th position. 
Music: 2/4 or 4/4 time. 

Entrechat is an aerial exercise and develops 
lightness, agility, skill. 

PAS BALLONNE 
Pas Ballonne — is a combination of 3 move- 
ments; hop, step, step. Name derived from 
balloon and implies stepping over a balloon. 



-2i- 



May be executed in all directions; in moving 
forward or backward the arms are in 2nd or 
5th position; in moving sideward arms are in 
3rd position. The knee of the raised leg is 
slightly bent. 



Music : 



2/4, 



3/4, 6/8 time. 



Pas Ballonne to right. 



Execution. 




>) ,) 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 

(Arms in 3rd position right thruout exercise. 



Hop on left foot and raise right leg diagonally 

forward (knee slightly bent). 
Step onto right foot. 
Step onto left foot in 3rd position behind. 

Note — The arms do not follow law of 
opposition. 



Pas Ballonne is an aerial exercise and 
develops lightness and grace. 

ECARTE 

Ecarte — to jump from a closed position, 
open the feet in the air, and land in a closed 
position. 



-ii- 



May be executed in ist, 3rd or 5th position. 
Music: 2/4 time. 

Ecarte in 3rd position. 
Prep /Stand with right foot in 3rd position, 
\Arms hang loosely at sides. 

Begin with a tiny bend and 
Jump upward. 

Separate feet sideward (or forward and 
back) in the air. 



Purpose. 



! [Land with right foot in 3rd position and 
i-j knees slightly bent, 
o [Straighten immediately. 

Ecarte is an aerial exercise and develops 
lightness and precision. 



Definition. 



Execution. 



GLISSADE 

Glissade — is a combination of 3 movements : 

1. Elever (to rise on the toes), 

2. Glisse (to slide), 

3. Assemble (to close the feet). 

May be executed in all directions, in moving 
forward or backward the arms are in 2nd or 
5th position; in moving sideward arms are in 
3rd position. Feet may be in 5th or 3rd 
position, the former is preferable for stage 
work. 
Music: 2/4 or 6/8 time. 

Glissades are of 2 kinds: 

Simple — when the foot closes in the same pos- 
ition each time ; 



-23— 



Change — when the foot changes from back 
to front or vice versa. 

,4 

Glissade (Simple) to right. 



V \ P P 



Prep. /Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 

\Arms in 3rd position right thruout exercise. 

'1. Rise on the toes and slide right foot 

sideward, 
2. Close left foot in 5th position behind and 

lower heels. 

Continue any number of times. 

Same may be executed with foot closing 
in front each time. 



V * 



5> 



4t*Y+ 



t»«m+ »• tMUifr X, 



In moving sideward left, the arms will be 
reversed. 



—24— 



Glissade (change) to right. 



A 



Sterol 



•. 




-A> 



A 



Prep. /Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 
\Arms in 3rd position right. 



1 . Rise on toes and slide 

Right foot sideward; 
Arms move to 2nd position. 

2. Close left foot in 5 th position behind, 

and lower heels; 

Arms move to 3rd position left. 

'1. Rise on toes and slide 
Right foot sideward; 
Arms move to 2nd position. 
1. Close left foot in 5th position and lower 
heels ; 
Arms move to 3rd position right. 

Continue any number of times. 

Note — T'he arms move directly to 3rd from 
2nd position, which allows of greater 
smoothness. 



Purpose. Glissades (especially change) develop grace, 

co-ordination and poise. 



-25- 



Definition. 



Execution. 



PETIT BATTEMENT 
sur le cou-de-pied 

Petit Battement sur le cou-de-pied — small 
beatings around the neck of the foot (i. e. 
ankle). 
Music: 2/4 time. 

Petit Battement sur le cou-de-pied. 



Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position raised, 
[Arms in 2nd position. 



Extend right leg sideward (in air). 
Bring right foot to 3rd position raised behind, 
Bring right foot to 3rd position raised. 
Extend right leg forward (in air), 
Bring right foot to 3rd position raised. 
Close right foot in 1st position. 



Purpose. 



Commence with right foot in 5 th position 
raised behind and substitute backward ex- 
tension for forward. 

Repeat entire series with left leg. 

Note — The greater the dexterity, the greater 
number of beatings can be executed. 

Petit Battement sur le cou-de-pied develops 
balance, precision and skill. 



Definition. 



PAS 

Pas — a step. The term is not used by 
itself, but in connection with other move- 



-26— 



Definition. 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



ments, as: 

Pas ballonne, 

Pas de basque, 

Pas de bourree, etc., etc. 

Pas may also indicate an entire dance, as: 
Pas de Fleur (Flower Dance). 

PAS MARCHE 

Pas Marche — a marching step consisting 
of 4 movements : Step, swing, step, close. 
May be executed in all directions. 
Music: 4/4 time. 

A preparatory and better form of the above 
is: 

Step, close, step, swing (known as the 
Hungarian Pas Marche). 

If a pointing is used as a finish, it must be 
so designated, thus : 

Pas marche and point (in 2nd or 4th posi- 
tion). 

Pas Marche develops good bodily carriage 
and precision. 

PAS BOITEUX 

Pas Boiteux — a limping step consisting of 
3 movements: 

1 . Hop on right foot and raise left leg forward 

(straight knee). 

2. Step forward on left foot. 

3. Step forward on right foot. 

May also be executed turning. 
Music: 2/4 time. 



-27- 



PAS DE BOURREE 

Definition. Pas de Bourree — sometimes called "stuffing 
step" consists of 3 little steps (not slides), 
executed on ball of foot. Name derived from 
an old French dance, "La Bourree." 

May be executed in all directions. 
Music : 6/8 time preferable for practise, but 
2/4, 3/4, 4/4 may be used in dances. 

Pas de Bourrees are of 2 kinds: 

Simple — when foot closes in the same 
position each time. 

Change — when the foot changes from back 
to front, or vice versa. 

Execution. Pas de Bourree simple. 



V 



tfwtr. 



'i 



t«* stef • 



* 



i«* 



SUf 



« 



Sfcp. 



Prep. /Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

Step left foot to 5th position behind. 
Step right foot to side. 
Step left foot to 5th position behind. 
Arms move 1st to 2nd position. 



-28- 



Continue right and left alternately. 

Same may be executed with foot closing in 
front each time. 

Pas de Bourree change. 



V £ 



KO 




Prep. /Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

[Step left foot to 5th position, behind, 
Step right foot to side, 
[Step left foot to 5th position. 

Note — A pointing in 2nd position is some- 
times added as a finish, but must 
not be considered part of the bourree. 
When a pointing is used, the arms 
move from lateral to 2nd position 
to lateral. 

Purpose. P as de Bourree develops technique and 

dexterity. 

TERRE A TERRE 
Definition. Terre a Terre — a series of pas de bourrees 

simple (not less than 4 steps). 

This step is often used as an entrance. 

— 2Q— 



PAS DE CHAT 



Definition. 



Pas de Chat — or "cat step" consisting of 4 
movements: leap, slide, step, step. 

Executed sideward. 
Music: 3/4 time. 



Execution. 



Pas de Chat to right. 



♦14*. t, *£«**•** 



\P 



*v*a- 



Sfcf It ft. (ft) 







^•pt.H. ft) 



Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 



Count 1 



Count 2 



Count 3 



Purpose. 



Leap sideward onto right foot, 

Arms in 2nd position, and immediately 
Slide left foot across in front, 

Arms move to 1st position. 

Step right foot to side. 

Step left foot to 3rd or 5th position behind. 
Arms move slowly to 4th position left. 

Note — Pas de Chat ends with arms in 
4th position. 

Repeat several times moving to right side. 

Repeat to left side, arms reversed. 

Pas de Chat develops smoothness, co- 
ordination and grace. 



-30— 



PAS DE BASQUE 



Definition. 



Execution. 



Pas de Basque — named after the Province 
of Basque in France. The step consists of 3 
movements : 

1. Demi rond de jambe, jete (describe 
one-half circle in air with leg, leap), 

2. Glisse (slide), 

3. Coupe (cut). 

May be executed forward, backward, side- 
ward (called "lateral"), and with complete 
turn ("tour de basque"). 
Music: 2/4 or 3/4 time. 

Pas de Basques are of 3 kinds : 

French, 2/4 time; 

Russian, 2/4 time with leaping; 

Spanish, 3/4 time. 

Forward Pas de Basque. 






•£ 



Mart. 









**^f 



R. SiU*w^a ^l) 



Prep. 



Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
Arms in 2nd position. 



-31— 



CO 

3 



Count 1 



Count 2 



Count 3 



Count 2 



'Demi Rond de Jambe with right foot and' 
Leap sideward onto right foot, 

Arms in 2nd position. 1- Count i 

'Slide left foot thru ist to 4th position. 

Left arm moves to ist position. 
Cut left foot to 4th position raised, \ 

Arms in 4th position right. J 

Repeat commencing with left foot. 

Note — If a single pas de basque is executed, 
the finish is an assemble in 3rd 
position behind; if a series, then 
each step ends in a coupe. 



to 

if". 

rf 

3 



Execution. 



Backward Pas de Basque. 






Ltap K SiAewttd 



M 



»»* 



(X) 



CO 

*>. 

r-f 

3' 

ft 



Prep /Stand with right foot in 3rd position, 
(Arms in 2nd position. 

(Demi rond de jambe with right foot and" 
Count 1 i Leap sideward onto right foot, 
Arms lateral to right. 
/Slide left foot thru ist to 4th position 
\ behind. 

jCut left foot to 4th position raised behind,! 
\ Left arm leads to 2nd position. / 



Count 2 



Count 3 



' Count 1 



Count 2 



3 

<T> 



—32— 



Lateral Pas de Basque (cut, slide, cut). 

Prep. /Stand with right foot in 2nd position raised. 
\Arms hang loosely at sides. 

("Cut left foot to 2nd position raised, 

I Slide jgf t foot to 2nd position, 

j Cut left foot to 2nd position raised, 

[ Arms swing easily from side to side. 

Note — The opposite leg is raised sideward 
in preparation. 

Definition. Demi Pas de Basque. 

Demi Pas de Basque — a half or incomplete 
pas de basque. 

Execution. Demi Pas de Basque right. 



K 



S1UU. L.f*. "*W I** Vv H* 



\P P 






P+ep. 



Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 



Count 1 



Count 2, 3 



Demi rond de jambe with right foot and 
Leap sideward onto right foot, 

Arms in 2nd position. 
Slide left foot thru 1st to 4th position and 
transfer weight to it, 

Arms move to 3rd position open right. 



—33— 



Repeat to left side. 

Purpose. Pas de Basques develop grace and co- 

ordination. 

TOUR DE BASQUE 

Tour de Basque — also called "pirouette de 
basque," a basque turn. 

Execution. Tour de Basque right. 






CCT~^ s+«.p X.fh, po.^t.Vj ^iVet+i^ +»»«Ae. 
r*'..J *™-> •■■*+■ *v»»TC,1ot A,Wno*f 4» *. had 



Prep. /Stand with feet in ist position, 
\Arms in 2nd position. 



Demi rond de jambe with right foot and 
Step right foot to side (pointing directly to 
side,} 

Arms in 2nd position; 
Cross left foot over right, toe almost to right 
heel. 

Arms move to ist position; 
Rise on toes of both feet and turn com- 
pletely around to right. 

Arms move to 5th position; 
Finish with right foot in 3rd position and 

lower heels. 
Arms move to 2nd position. 

Repeat several times to right. 



-34" 



Purpose. 



Note — Arms may move: From 2nd (thru 
1 st to 5th) to 2nd; from 2nd (thru 
1 st) to 2nd; from 2nd (to thighs) 
to 2nd. 

Tour de Basques develop balance, poise 
and technique. 



Definition. 



PIROUETTE 

Pirouette — an artistic turn executed on 
one foot. 

The raised leg is held in what is known as 
a flowing position and may be high or low, 
in front or behind. 

The preparation may be done in any 
number of counts, the pirouette itself is 
executed in one count. 



Execution. 



Pirouettes are of 2 kinds : 

French or outward pirouette — 

Stand on right foot and turn to 
right side, 

or 
Stand on left foot and turn to 
left side. 

Italian or inward Pirouette — 

Stand on right foot and turn to 
left side, 

or 
Stand on left foot and turn to 
right side. 



-35— 



Purpose. 



Definition. 



There are three different and equally good 
positions for the arms : 
i. Hands at thigh. 

2. Hands at chest. 

3. Arms in 5th position. 

Note — A pirouette is essentially a man's 
exercise, the woman doing a tour 
de basque instead. 

Pirouettes develop poise, balance and skill. 

CHASSE 

Chasse — a "chasing step," consisting of 3 
movements : 



Execution. 



i. Slide (glisse). 

2. Cut (coupe). 

3. Slide (glisse). 

Begins in an open position and finishes in 
an open position (2 transfers of weight). 
May be executed in all directions. 

Chasse is derived from the galop step and 
the two-step is probably derived from the 
Chasse ; the waltz also embraces 2 parts of the 
Chasse (glisse and coupe). 

Music: 2/4 or 4/4 time. 

Chasse (forward). 

/Stand with right foot in 4th position, 
(Hold skirt. 

["Slide right foot forward, 
Prep. < Q_j t r ight foot to 4th position. 
Slide right foot forward. 



-36- 



Note — In moving forward finish with weight 
on rear foot. 



Chasse (backward). 

Stand with right foot in 4th position 
behind and execute slide, cut, slide backward. 

Note — In moving backward finish with 
weight on front foot. 



Purpose. 



Chasse (sideward). 

Stand with right foot in 2nd position and 
execute slide, cut, slide to right side. 

Note — In moving sideward finish with 
weight on same foot that commenced 
the step. 

Chasse develops lightness and grace. 



Definition. 



Execution. 



Prep. 



FOUETTE 
Fouette — a swinging of the leg. 

May be executed forward (thru 5 th position 
raised,) or backward (thru 5th position raised 
behind), or sideward. 
Music: 6/8 time. 

Note — Fouette is generally accompanied by 
one hop on the opposite foot. 

Fouette forward (with hop). 



'Stand with right foot in 5th position raised 

behind. 
Arms lateral to the left. 



—37" 



fHop on left foot and at same time 
J Bring right foot to 5th position raised and 
Swing it forward. 

Arms thru 1st to 3rd position right. 



Note — When fouette is taken backward 
prepare with foot in 5th position 
raised. 



Purpose. 



Fouette develops balance, lightness and 
dexterity. 



Definition. 



CISEAUX 

Ciseaux — known as the "scissors step," 
consists of a point and swing with one foot, 
while hopping twice on the other. 



The pointing may occur in 3rd or 5th 
position, preferably the latter. 
Music: 2/4 time. 



Execution. 



Ciseaux. 

Prep. ("Stand with right foot in 3rd position, 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

Hop on left foot and point right foot in 

5th (or 3rd) position. 
Hop again on left foot and swing right leg 

diagonally forward. 

Arms move thru 1st to 2nd position. 



Purpose. 



Ciseaux develops lightness and grace. 



-38- 



PAS SISSONNE 



Definition. 



Pas Sissonne — derived from an old French 
dance of the 16th Century, "Sissonne." 

May be executed in all directions from 3rd 
or 5th position. 
Music: 6/8 time. 



Execution. 



Pas Sissonne to right. 



Prep /Stand with right foot in 3rd position, 
\Arms in 1st position. 



'Make a tiny bend, 

Jump upward, keeping feet together, until 

just before landing, then 
Extend left leg sideward (in air). 
Land on right foot and immediately 
Close left foot in 5th position behind. 
Arms move from 1st to 2nd position. 



Note — The leg extension occurs with the 
opposite leg and in a direction 
opposite to the space covered. In 
moving sideward the foot in front 
indicates the direction (right or left). 



Purpose, 



Pas Sissonne develops lightness, balance, 
strength, precision and courage. 



— 39— 



GROUP 2 



Characteristic Polish Steps 



Description. 



Execution. 



POLISH PAS MARCHE 

Polish Pas Marche — consists of 3 move- 
ments: leap, slide, step. 

May be executed diagonally forward and 
backward. 
Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 

Polish Pas Marche. 




Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
IHold skirt. 



Count 1 
Count 2 i 
Count 3 



'Demi rond de jambe with right leg and 

Leap sideward onto right foot. 

Slide left foot across in front (transferring 

weight). 
Step right foot forward. 



— 40- 



Description. 



Execution. 



Same may be executed moving backward. 

POLISH HOLUPIEZ 

Polish Holupiez — consists of the following 
movements : 

i. Hop, extend opposite leg sideward and 
strike heels. 

2. Slide (to side). 

3. Close (in 1st position). 

May be executed sideward right and left. 

Arms do not follow law of opposition. 
Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 

Holupiez (sideward right). 



<?/ 



5 




Pret 



Strike. Ke*l$. 



A { 



'Stand with feet in 1st position, 
5 rep. ^Arms in 3rd position open right thruout 
exercise. 



Hop on left foot and extend right leg side- 
ward. 

Bring left foot to right and strike heels, 

Immediately slide sideward right on right 
foot (a long drawn out slide). 

Close left foot in 1st position. 

Note — In moving to right side the left 
foot strikes the right, so that the 
strike is not on the same place, 
but farther to the right. The 
reverse is true in moving to left side. 



-41— 



POLISH CHASSE 
Description. Polish Chasse — consists of 3 movements : 

1 . Hop. 

2. Slide. 

3. Hop. 



May be executed forward and backward. 
Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 

Execution. Poli sh Chasse (forward). 

Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position. 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

Hop on left foot and extend right leg for- 
ward. 

Slide forward on right foot. 

Hop on right foot, leaving left leg raised 
behind, 

Arms lateral to right. 

Note — When a series of Polish chasses are 
executed, the finishing hop of one 
step and the beginning hop of the 
next are made on the same foot, 
the opposite leg swinging forward. 



POLISH TORTILLER 

Description. Polish Tortillier — consists of 3 movements : 

hop, step, step. 

Executed moving backward. 
Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 



-42 — 



POLISH TORTILLER 



Execution. 



1 

Ptftp. Hop. taeX'lfcVtmi. S+«j» t». k«lVu*eL. 

Prep. /Stand with right foot in 3rd position, 
\Arms folded high in front. 

Hop on left foot and at same time 
raise right knee sideward, bending body 
to right. 

Step right foot in 5 th position behind, 
straighten body, 

Step left foot in 5th position behind. 



Note — The raised knee must be well turned 
outward. The body does not turn, 
but bends to side of raised knee. 



Definition. 



POLISH ECHAPPE 

Polish Echappe — an exercise executed from 
a closed to an open position and always with 
a tiny hop. 

May be executed forward and backward 
to 4th position; sideward to 2nd position; 
diagonally to intermediate position. 

An assemble usually follows an echappe. 

The arms do not follow the law of oppo- 
sition. 
Music: 2/4 time. 



—43- 



Execution. 



Polish Echappe in 4th and 2nd position 
(moving forward). 




/ 



Prep. /Stand with feet in 1st position, 
\Arms in 3rd position open right. 



'Jump to 4th position right (both feet flat 

on floor). 

Arms crossed in 1st position, 

Draw left foot to 1st position and 

immediately 
Jump to 2nd position (both feet flat on 

floor), 

Arms move to 2nd position, 
Close in 1st position, 

Arms move to 3rd position open right. 

Note — Whichever foot jumped to 4th posi- 
tion remains in place, while other 
foot draws up to it. A "Tortiller 
finish" is often used, then the 2nd 
position is executed with heels out. 



-44— 



GROUP 3 



PORT DE BRAS 



Port de Bras — carriage of the arms. 

There are 5 different movements possible 
to the arms: 

1. Bending. 

2. Stretching. 

3. Raising. 

4. Lowering. 

5. Turning. 

The 3 movable parts of the arm are : 

1 . Shoulder. 

2. Elbow. 

3. Wrist. 

In using the arms the movement always 
commences at the shoulder and should be 
slow and soft. 

The shoulder is also the dividing line of the 
arm movements : 
High — above shoulder; 
Low — below shoulder. 

The arms are kept far from the body, 
hands should be natural, any set position of 
fingers looks affected and stiff. 



—45" 




In low exercises palms are down, in high 
exercises palms may be turned up or so that 
the hands may be easily looked into. 



Body is again divided lengthwise into right 
and left half and the arms do not cross the 
median line except : in irregular movements, 
such as : lateral position of arms. 



The whole arm should describe an oval- 
the 2 recognized lines are : 



i . — Straight. 
2. — Oval. 



In characteristic dances this rule is not 
adhered to and we may have what are called 
"broken lines." 



"Law of Opposition" governs the move- 
ments of the arms thus: the arm, opposite 
to the foot in front, is high. 



The head follows the high hand; the body 
faces the corner of the room at beginning of 
each exercise and from that position is turned 
forward, bent sideward and straightened 
again. The feet, however, remain facing 
corner. 



"Hands support" is the name of position 
with hands on hips. 

-46- 



Peasant man's position — Fingers closed and 
back of the hand on hip. 

Peasant woman's position — Palm on hip or 
back of the hand at front of waist. 



Gentleman's (or woman's) position — The 
wrist and fingers are kept firm 
(indicating strength and dignity) 
and the part of the hand between 
the 2nd and 3rd knuckles is placed 
on hip. 

Music: 2/4, 4/4, or 3/4 time. 



Prep. 



Execution. 



EXERCISE 1 

'Stand with left foot in 3rd position, 

Left hand support, right arm in lower 1st 

position, 
Body turned to right and slightly bent to 

left. 



'1st position. 
Move only right) 5th position. 



arm thru. 



2nd position, 
lower 1st position. 



Repeat as often as desired. 

Note — When changing to opposite side, 
slide left foot to 2nd position while 
bringing arms to 2nd position; then 
draw left foot to 3rd position be- 
hind, right arm support, left arm 
to lower ist position. 



-47' 



Prep. 

Execution. 



EXERCISE 2 
Prepare as in Exercise i. 

Move only right f ist ,^ sit !? a 
armthrk ^d position. 

tower i st position. 



Execution. 



EXERCISE 3 

("Stand with left foot in 3rd position. 
Prep. jArms in lower 1st position. 
Body turned to right corner. 

'Arms move to 1st position, palms down, 
I Finish movement by turning palms up, 
I Arms move to 2nd position, 
Arms move to lower 1st position. 



Prep. 

Execution. 



Prep. 

Execution. 



EXERCISE 4 
Prepare as in Exercise 3. 

fist position. 

Arms move thru M ^ on ri § ht - 

1 2nd position. 

[lower 1st position. 

EXERCISE 5 
Prepare as in Exercise 3. 

1 st position. 

Arms move thru ^ Pa***. 

2nd position. 

tower 1st position. 



-48— 



EXERCISE 6 



Prep. 

Execution. 



Prepare as in Exercise 3. 

fist position. 

A .« 14th position right. 

Arms move thru<T, . vL^ 4 «.,v_ & 

2nd position. 

Lower 1st position. 



EXERCISE 7 



(Stand with feet in 1st position. 
Arms in 2nd position, 
Body facing forward. 



Execution. 



Bring right arm across body (arms lateral 

to the left) and 
Bend body to left. 
Carry right arm to 2nd position and 
Straighten body. 



Prep. 



Execution. 



EXERCISE 8 



Prepare as in Exercise 7. 



Move only right 
arm thru. 



Lateral position to left, 
2nd position. 
Lateral position to left, 
3rd position right, 
2nd position. 



Note — The left arm remains in 2nd position 
thruout exercise. 



-4Q— 



EXERCISE q 






{Stand with feet in ist position. 
Arms in 2nd position, 
Body facing forward. 

Execution. fArms lateral to left and 
\ bend body to left. 
Slide right foot to 2nd position and 

bend body to right, 
Arms move to 2nd position (right arm lower, 

pointing towards foot.) 
'Slide, hop forward on right foot and 

bend body to left, 
^Arms move thru ist to 5th position. 
Step back on left foot and 
J draw right foot to ist position, 
1 straighten body, 
[Arms move to 2nd position. 

EXERCISE 10 





rvti 



—50— 



Prep. 



EXERCISE 10 

"Stand with feet in ist position, 
■ Arms in 2nd position. 
Body facing forward. 



Execution. 



Slide right foot to 2nd position and 
< Turn body to right, bending backward. 
Arms move to 4th position left. 

'Draw right foot to ist position and 
Straighten body. 

Arms move to 2nd position, arching 

body. 

'Slide left foot to 2nd position and 
Turn body to left, bending backward, 
Arms move to 4th position right. 

Draw left foot to ist position and 
Straighten body. 

Arms move to 2nd position, arching 

body. 

EXERCISE 11 

Prep. /Stand with right foot in 4th position, 
\Arms in 2nd position. 

,:,j,n. fBend left knee (plier) and 

Slide right foot to 4th position prolonged 
behind. 
Arms move to ist position. 

Draw right foot forward and transfer weight 

to it, 
Arms move to 5th position. 

fPoint left foot in 4th position, 
jDraw left foot to ist position, 
[ Arms move to 2nd position. 



—51 



Prep. 



Execution. 



EXERCISE 12 

'Stand with left foot in 4th position (both 
I feet fiat on floor), 
jArms in 2nd position, 
Body turned to right, but head forward. 

[Bring arms to 1st position and 
\Bend body forward (straight knees). 

'Straighten body, turn it forward and bend 

to left, 
.Arms move to 3rd position right. 



-52- 



GROUP 4 



Social Dancing Steps 

MINUET PAS MARCHE 

Description. Minuet Pas Marche — a dignified walking 

step used in dancing the "Minuet." 

Executed in 6 counts : 
Execution. : — Step forward with right foot. 

2 — Step forward with left foot. 
3 — Step forward with right foot. 
4 — Point left foot in 2nd position. 
5 — Step forward with left foot. 
6 — Close right foot in ist position. 

Music: 3/4 time. 

SCHOTTISCHE STEP 

Description. Schottische Step — consists of 4 movements: 

1 — Slide right foot to side. 
2 — Close left foot in 5th position behind. 
3 — Slide right foot to side. 
4 — Hop on right foot and swing left leg 
forward. 

Music: 4/4 time. 

POLKA 

Definition. Polka — originated by a Polish woman about 

1840 and at that time was danced with 
partners side by side. A polish woman is 
called "Polka," hence the name. It is said 
by some to have been danced under another 
name at the end of the 18th century. 

The step consists of : hop, slide, cut, leap. 
Music: 2/4 time (metronome best at 104). 



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Polka Step (sideward right). 




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Preo /Stand with feet in ist position, 
\Hands support. 



Execution. 



Definition. 



'Hop on left foot. 
Slide right foot to side, 
Cut right foot to 2nd position raised, 
Leap onto right foot, left foot in 5th position 
raised behind. 

Repeat alternately left and right sideward. 



MAZURKA 

Mazurka — derived from "Mazur," meaning 
peasant. The step consists of: 

1 — Slide. 

2 — Cut, 

3 — Hop. 

Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 

Mazurka Step (sideward right). 




T>T«.P. 






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(«caA fearul off We) 



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Prep /Stand with feet in ist position, 
\Hands support. 

Execution. f Slide ri S ht foot t0 side < 

Cut right foot to 2nd position raised. 
Hop on left foot and bend right knee side- 
ward, right foot in 5 th position raised 
behind. 

Repeat to same side as often as desired. 



POLKA REDOWA 



Execution. 



Polka Redowa — : 

(Slide right foot to side, 

\ Cut right foot to 2nd position raised, 

[Leap onto left foot. 

Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 



POLKA MAZURKA 

Polka Mazurka — a combination of 1 ma- 
zurka step and 1 Polka Redowa Step, ori- 
ginated by a Russian Princess. 

Music: 3/4 mazurka time. 



Execution. 



Polka Mazurka to right. 

'Slide right foot to side. 

Cut right foot to 2nd position raised, 

k Hop on right foot. 



—55— 



Execution. 



'Slide right foot to side, 
• Cut right foot to 2nd position raised, 
Leap onto left foot. 

WALTZ 

Waltz — originated in 161 7, probably in 
Germany, tho Austria also claims it. 
Music: 3/4 time. 

Accent on first beat of music; two measures 
(6 counts) needed for one complete turn. 

The waltz was originally danced with 
partners side by side, facing and holding 
hands. The "dancing position" came into 
vogue about 1830 or 1840. 

Waltz Preparation. 
(Class arranged in lines, all facing forward) 







%p 

'Step forward on right foot 
Step forward on left foot 
Close right foot in 1st position 


count 1 
count 2 
count 3 


fStep back on left foot 
Step back on right foot 
[Close left foot in 1st position 




count 1 

count 2 
count 3 



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Then: 



Execution. 




'Leap forward on right foot, 

Slide left foot thru ist to 2nd position, 

Close right foot in ist position. 




\W 



'Leap backward on left foot, 
• Slide right foot thru ist to 2nd position, 
Close left foot in ist position. 

Right Square. 

Same as above, describing 
turning right at each corner, 
slide. 

Left Square. 
Reverse of above. 



a square by 
Turn on the 



Leap (jete). 
Slide (glisse), 
Cut (coupe), 



Waltz Step. 



Note — In practice the "cut" is pronounced, 
but later is modified until it is 
executed without lifting the foot. 



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Execution. 



Circle Formation. 
(All facing centre). 
"i waltz step forward with right foot, 
i waltz step backward with left foot, 
Repeat, 
Hands joined. 
| Drop hands, 
\ i waltz square 
I 8 



right, 
measures in all. 



Circle Formation. 
(All facing right, one behind the other.) 
Same series as above. 



Girl's Part (entire class). 
'i waltz step forward with right foot, 
i waltz step forward with left foot, 
i waltz turn to right (2 measures), 4 measures 
in all. 

Boys' Part (entire class). 
'1 waltz step backward with left foot, 
1 1 waltz step backward with right foot, 
1 1 waltz turn right (2 measures), 4 measures 
in all. 



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PART 2 

TECHNIQUE EXERCISES 
(As taught by Louis H. Chalif) 



i — "5 positions," 2/4 time. 

2 — Elever, 3/4 time. 

3 — Plier, 2/4 time. 

4 — Degager in 2nd position, 3/4 time. 

5 — Degager in 4th position, 3/4 time. 

6 — Petit battement in 2nd position, 2/4 
time. 

7 — Coupe to 2nd position, 6/8 time. 

8 — Coupe to 4th position, 6/8 time. 

q — Petite rond de jambe, 4/4 time. 
10 — Saute, 2/4 time. 
1 1 — Petit battement in 2nd and 4th position, 

2/4 time. 
12 — Same as above with port de bras, 2/4 

time. 
13 — Grand battement, 2/4 time. 
14 — Glisse, saute, change, 4/4 time. 
15 — Jete, 6/8 time. 
16 — Tour jete, 6/8 time. 
1 7 — 2 coupe, saute, 1 tour jete, 6/8 time. 
18 — Rond de jambe, 2/4 time, 
iq — Degager in 2nd and 4th position, 3/4 

time. 
20 — Degager in 2nd and 4th position behind, 

3/4 time. 
21 — Tortiller, 4/4 time. 
22 — Pas de bourree (simple), 6/8 time. 
23 — Pas de bourree change, 6/8 time. 
24 — Pas ballonne, 4/4 time. 



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25 — Pas de basque (forward,) 3/4 time. 

26 — Pas de basque (backward), 3/4 time. 

27 — Lateral pas de basque, 3/4 time. 

28 — Three-step turn, 4/4 time. 

29 — Tour de basque, 4/4 time. 

30 — 1 ballonne, 1 pas de basque, 3/4 time. 

31 — 1 pas de basque, 1 tour de basque, 3/4 
time. 

32 — Glissades (simple), 6/8 time. 

33 — Glissades change, 6/8 time. 

34— L Assemble, 6/8 time. 

35 — 2 pas de basques, 1 tour de basque, 1 pas 
de bourree and point, 3/4 time. 

36 — 1 ballonne, 1 pas de basque, 1 tour de 
basque and hold, 3/4 time. 

37 — 1 Jete, fouette, saute (moving forward), 
6/8 time. 

38 — Same exercise moving backward. 6/8 
time. 

39 — 1 pas de bourree simple, 1 pas de bourree 
change, 1 pas de bourree change with 
half turn, 1 pas de bourree simple com- 
pleting turn; called the "dancing pro- 
lem." 6/8 time. 

40 — Holupiez and assemble in 1st position, 
with 2 frappes. 3/4 mazurka time. 

41 — 1 Jete, fouette, saute (on right), same on 
left, 1 jete, saute, forward and back, 4 
pas de basques forward, repeat, executing 
pas de basques backward (instead of 
forward), 3-4 time. 
Called the "step swing" series. 

42 — Polish chasse (moving forward), 
3/4 mazurka time. 

43 — Polish tortiller (moving backward). 3-4 
mazurka time. 

44 — 1 holupiez, 1 Polish chasse. 

3-4 mazurka time. 



—60— 



45 — Glissades and assemble in ist position, 

6/8 time. 
46 — 2 tortiller, 2 changements, 4/4 time. 
47 — 1 jete, fouette (saute), 1 pas de bourree 

change, 4/4 time. 
48 — 1 ballonne, 1 pas de basque, 2 tour de 

basques, 3/4 time. 
49 — Petit battement sur le cou-de-pied, 2/4 

time. 
50 — Polish eschappe in 4th and 2nd position 

(moving forward) . 2-4 time 

51 — Glissades, 1 jete and assemble in 5th 

position, 6/8 time. 
52 — 4 glissades, 1 jete, assemble, 2 change- 
ments, 3/4 time. 
53 — 1 pas de basque, glisse, coupe (forward), 

3/4 mazurka time. 
54 — Polish pas marche, 4/4 time. 
55 — 1 ballonne, rond de jambe, 1 pas de 

bourree change, 3/4 time. 
56 — 1 ballonne, 1 demi pas de basque, 1 jete 

and assemble, 3/4 time. 
57 — 1 jete, 1 pas de bourree change (moving 

sideward), 6/8 time. 
58 — Simple chasse (moving forward), 4/4 

time. 
59 — 1 simple chasse, 1 jete and assemble 

(moving forward), 4/4 time. 
60 — Same moving backward, 4/4 time. 
61 — 1 jete 1 pas de bourree change, 1 tour de 

basque (all same direction), 6/8 time. 
62 — 1 chasse, 1 jete and assemble, 2 change- 
ments, 1 jete and assemble (moving 

forward), 2/4 time. 
63 — Same moving backward, 2/4 time. 
64 — 2 ballonnes, 1 pas de basque, 1 tour de 

basque, 3/4 time. 
65 — 2 pas de basques, 1 tour de basque, 1 

slow glissade (foot in front), 3/4 time- 

—61 — 



66 — Glisse, saute (diagonally forward on 
right foot), glisse, saute (back on left 
foot), rond de jambe pas de bourree 
change (to left), 2 glissades (to left), 1 
tour de basque (to left), 3/4 time. 

67 — 4 pas de basques forward, 2 pas de 
basques backward, 1 tour jete (right), 
3/4 time. 

68 — 4 pas de basques forward, rond de 
jambe (with right leg), 1 pas de bourree 
change (to left), rond de jambe (with 
left leg), coupe, glisse, coupe (backward), 
2 tour de basques (to right), 3/4 time. 

69 — Coupe, saute (backward and forward), 1 
tour de basque, 1 slow pas de basque 
(opposite direction), 3/4 time. 

70 — 1 simple chasse (forward), 1 jete, as- 
semble, 4 glissades (to right, finish with 
left foot in 3rd position), 2/4 time. 

71 — 1 jete (to right), 2 pas de bourrees 
change (right to left), 6/8 time. 

72 — Jete, fouette, saute (right and left), 
balance forward and back, 4 pas de 
basques forward, jete, fouette saute 
(right and left), balance forward and 
back, 2 pas de basques backward, 1 
tour jete (to right), 3/4 time. 

73 — Ciseaux, 2/4 time. 

74 — 1 ciseaux, 1 pas de bourree change, 
2/4 time. 

7 5 — Sissonne, 6/8 time. 

76 — Pas de chat, 3/4 time. 

j7 — 1 sissonne, 1 pas de bourree change 
(sideward), 6/8 time. 

78 — 1 glissade, 1 jete (same direction), 6/8 
time. 

79 — 1 jete, 1 pas de bourree change, 1 tour 
de basque (all same direction), 6/8 time. 



—62— 



8o — 4 pas de basques forward, rond de 

jambe (with right), i pas de bourree 

change (to left), rond de jambe (with 

left), coupe, glisse coupe (backward), i 

pas de basque backward, i tour de 

basque, 3/4 time. 
81 — 1 pas de basque, 1 glissade (opposite 

direction and foot in front), 3/4 time. 
82 — 1 simple chasse backward (with left), 

1 jete and assemble, 4 glissades (to 

right), 4/4 time. 
83 — 1 sissonne, 1 pas de bourree change 

(forward), 6/8 time. 
84 — Grand tour jete (backward), 6/8 time. 
85 — 2 jetes, 1 pas de bourree change, 1 tour 

de basque, 1 slow glissade (foot in front), 

6/8 time. 
86 — 1 pas de basque (with right), 1 glissade 

to left (foot in front), 1 tour de basque 

right, 3/4 time. 
87 — 1 pas de basque, 1 glissade (foot behind), 

1 tour de basque, 3/4 time. 



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